Relative Clauses

A member of your family.

Example: My relatives are coming to visit us this weekend.

Considered in relation or in proportion to something else.

Example: The cost of living is high, but salaries are also relative to the expenses.

Quite or to a certain degree, especially when compared to something else.

Example: This test was relatively easy compared to the last one.

To make up or form something.

Example: Twelve months constitute a year.

The system of basic laws and principles that a country or organization is governed by.

Example: The country's constitution guarantees freedom of speech for all citizens.

To build or make something, such as a building, road, or machine.

Example: They are planning to construct a new bridge over the river.

The process of building something, especially houses, bridges, or roads.

Example: The construction of the new school will be finished next year.

A person who buys goods or services for their own use.

Example: Many consumers prefer to shop online because it is more convenient.

The act of using, eating, or drinking something.

Example: The doctor advised her to reduce her consumption of sugar.

To have something inside or include something as part of a whole.

Example: This box contains all the tools you need for the project.

happening repeatedly, often in a way that is annoying or causes problems.

Example: The continual noise from the construction work made it hard to concentrate.

Happening repeatedly over a period of time, often in a way that seems annoying or without stopping.

Example: She is continually asking questions during the class.

opposite or completely different in nature, opinion, or action.

Example: Her views are contrary to what most people believe.

To give something, such as money, help, or ideas, to achieve a goal or help others.

Example: Everyone in the team contributed money to buy a gift for the teacher.

Something that you give or do to help achieve something or make it successful.

Example: Her contribution to the project was highly appreciated by the team.

causing a lot of disagreement or discussion.

Example: The new law is very controversial and has divided public opinion.

To express or communicate a message, idea, or feeling to someone.

Example: She tried to convey her excitement about the trip through her words.

To make someone believe that something is true or to persuade them to do something.

Example: She tried to convince her parents to let her go to the party.

the legal right to control the production and use of a piece of writing, music, or art.

Example: The book is protected by copyright, so you cannot copy it without permission.

A change made to something in order to fix a mistake or improve it.

Example: The teacher made some corrections to my essay before I handed it in.

The act or sound of expelling air from the lungs suddenly and noisily, often as a symptom of illness.

Example: His persistent cough worried the doctor during the examination.

A group of people chosen to make decisions or give advice about something.

Example: The city council is discussing plans to build a new park.

The process of giving professional advice and support to help someone deal with personal or emotional problems.

Example: She decided to go to counseling to talk about her stress at work.

To oppose, respond to, or act against something.

Example: He tried to counter her argument with evidence from the report.

too many to be counted; very many.

Example: She has made countless friends during her time at university.

An area of a country that has its own local government.

Example: She grew up in a small county in the south of England.

The ability to face danger, fear, or difficulty without being stopped by it.

Example: She showed great courage when she stood up to the bully.

Having or showing bravery in difficult or dangerous situations.

Example: She was very courageous to stand up and speak in front of so many people.

an activity involving making things by hand with skill.

Example: She enjoys learning traditional crafts like pottery and weaving.

To hit something hard and cause damage or make a loud noise.

Example: The plane crashed into the mountains during the storm.

A person who makes or invents something new.

Example: She is the creator of a popular online game.

Relating to or involving crime or illegal activities.

Example: The judge reviewed the criminal behavior described in the case file.

A person who gives their opinion about books, movies, art, or other works, often professionally.

Example: The movie critic said the film was exciting and well-acted.

Saying that someone or something is bad or wrong.

Example: She was very critical of the way he handled the situation.

A plant grown by farmers for food or other use.

Example: Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world.

A place where two or more roads meet, or a point in life where an important decision must be made.

Example: She found herself at a crossroads in her career and had to choose between two job offers.

A large black bird with a loud, harsh cry.

Example: A crow was sitting on the fence, making a lot of noise.

causing pain or suffering to others without feeling sorry about it.

Example: It was cruel of him to make fun of her in front of everyone.

A strong feeling of love or attraction for someone, often without them knowing.

Example: She has a crush on her classmate but is too shy to tell him.

A long, green vegetable with a mild taste, often eaten raw in salads.

Example: I added some slices of cucumber to the salad for extra crunch.

To prepare land for growing crops or to develop something like a skill or relationship.

Example: Farmers cultivate the land to grow vegetables and fruits.

Related to the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society or group.

Example: There are many cultural differences between countries around the world.

To make someone healthy again after an illness.

Example: The doctor managed to cure her of the disease.

A strong desire to know or learn about something.

Example: Her curiosity about other cultures made her want to travel the world.

wanting to know or learn about something.

Example: She was curious about how the machine worked.

In a way that shows interest or a desire to know more about something.

Example: She looked at the old photograph curiously, wondering who the people were.

Having a lot of curls or curved shapes.

Example: She has beautiful curly hair that shines in the sunlight.

The system of money that a country uses.

Example: The euro is the official currency of many countries in Europe.

Happening or existing now.

Example: The current situation is very difficult for many people.

The subjects or courses that are taught in a school, college, or university.

Example: The school added more science classes to its curriculum this year.