Clauses of contrast

B2 · Upper Intermediate

Lesson video

Watch the lesson here on Enverson.

Explanation

Explanation · İngilis + Azərbaycan

A
Although / though + sentence
Although it was raining, …
Öz + feil — tam predikatlı cümlə.
B
Despite / in spite of + noun / -ing
Despite the rain, …
Burada dərhal feil cümləsi gəlmir.

Contrast = two ideas that don’t match. Some connectors need a full sentence; others need a noun/gerund.

AZ
Ziddiyyət = iki fikir üz-üzə. Bəzi bağlayıcılar tam cümlə tələb edir; digərləri isim və ya -ing.

Although / though + clause (sentence)

Follow with subject + verb. Do not use but in the same clause.

AZ
Although / though-dan sonra öz + feil gəlir; eyni hissədə but işlətməyin.
  • Although it was late, we continued.
  • Though she was tired, she finished the report.
  • The task was hard. Still, we managed.
AZ
Danışıqda though cümlə sonunda da ola bilər: …, though.

In spite of / Despite + noun / pronoun / -ing

These do not take a finite verb phrase after them — use a noun, pronoun, or gerund.

AZ
Burada tam feilli predikat yox: isim, əvəzlik və ya gerund: despite the rain, despite feeling ill.
  • In spite of the rain, the match continued.
  • Despite feeling ill, he came to work.
  • Despite all that, we failed.

Compare: Although it was raining… vs In spite of the rain… — same meaning, different grammar after the connector.

AZ
Müqayisə: Although it was raining = yağış yağırdı (cümlə) · In spite of the rain = yağışa baxmayaraq (isim). Məna oxşar, qrammatika fərqlidir.

Vocabulary

50 söz — ingilis tələffüzü üçün dinlək ikonasına basın; AZ tərcümə üçün düyməyə basın.

whereas conjunction /wɛrˈæz/

used to compare or contrast two facts or ideas.

Example: She enjoys outdoor activities, whereas her brother prefers staying indoors.

bind verb /baɪnd/

To tie or fasten something tightly, or to hold something together.

Example: The package was bound with string to keep it secure.

bio noun /ˈbaɪoʊ/

A short description of someone's life, work, or achievements, often used in professional or social contexts.

Example: Before the presentation, she updated her bio on the company website to include her recent accomplishments.

biological adjective /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

Related to the processes of living organisms or the relationships between living things.

Example: Scientists are studying the biological effects of climate change on marine life.

biotechnology noun /ˌbaɪoʊtɛkˈnɒlədʒi/

The use of living organisms, cells, or biological systems to develop products or solve problems, often in medicine or agriculture.

Example: Biotechnology has led to the creation of new medicines that can treat serious diseases.

birdcage noun /ˈbɜːdkeɪdʒ/

A container made of wire or similar material, designed to keep birds in.

Example: The colorful parrot sat quietly in its birdcage by the window.

birthplace noun /ˈbɜːθpleɪs/

The place where someone was born or where something started.

Example: The small town is famous as the birthplace of the country's most famous writer.

bitterly adverb /ˈbɪtɚli/

In a way that shows strong negative emotions such as anger, sadness, or disappointment.

Example: She bitterly regretted not taking the job opportunity when she had the chance.

bizarre adjective /bɪˈzɑɹ/

Very strange or unusual, especially in a way that is difficult to understand or explain.

Example: The movie was so bizarre that I couldn’t stop thinking about it for days.

blade noun /bleɪd/

The flat, sharp part of a tool, knife, or weapon used for cutting.

Example: He carefully sharpened the blade of the knife before using it.

blast noun /blæst/

A sudden and strong movement of air, sound, or energy, often caused by an explosion.

Example: The blast from the explosion shattered all the windows in the building.

blaze noun /bleɪz/

A large, strong fire that burns brightly and intensely.

Example: Firefighters worked all night to control the blaze in the forest.

blindly adverb /ˈblaɪndli/

Without thinking carefully or without understanding what you are doing.

Example: She blindly followed the instructions without questioning if they were correct.

blindness noun /ˈblaɪndnəs/

The condition of being unable to see, either completely or partially.

Example: His blindness did not stop him from pursuing a successful career in music.

blink verb /blɪŋk/

To quickly open and close your eyes.

Example: She tried not to blink as the bright light shone in her eyes.

bloodstream noun /ˈblʌdˌstɹiːm/

The flow of blood through the body’s veins and arteries.

Example: The medicine is designed to enter the bloodstream quickly to relieve pain.

bloody adjective /ˈblʌdi/

used to emphasize anger, annoyance, or other strong feelings.

Example: This bloody printer isn't working again!

blooming adjective /ˈbluːmɪŋ/

Used to emphasize or express annoyance, often as a mild expletive.

Example: This blooming computer won't work properly!

blossom verb /ˈblɒsəm/

To develop, grow, or become more successful or confident.

Example: Her talent for painting began to blossom after she took professional lessons.

blur verb /blɜːr/

to make something unclear or difficult to see or understand.

Example: The rain blurred the car windows, making it hard to see the road.

blurt verb /blɜːrt/

To say something suddenly and without thinking, often because you are nervous or excited.

Example: She was so surprised by the question that she blurted out the answer without thinking.

boiling adjective /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

Very hot; at or near the temperature at which a liquid turns to gas.

Example: Be careful with the boiling water, as it can cause serious burns.

bolt verb /boʊlt/

To move or run away suddenly and quickly, often out of fear or surprise.

Example: The horse bolted from the stable when it heard the loud noise.

bombard verb /bɒmˈbɑːrd/

To attack someone or something continuously with questions, information, or requests.

Example: The students bombarded the teacher with questions about the upcoming exam.

bomber noun /ˈbɒm.əɹ/

A person or aircraft that drops bombs, often as part of a military operation or an act of terrorism.

Example: The police arrested a suspected bomber who was planning an attack on the city.

bombing noun /ˈbɒm.ɪŋ/

An attack or act of violence in which a bomb is used to cause damage or harm.

Example: The city has been recovering after a bombing that destroyed several buildings.

bony adjective /ˈbəʊ.ni/

very thin so that the bones can be seen, or relating to bones.

Example: The dog was so bony that you could see its ribs clearly.

bookish adjective /ˈbʊk.ɪʃ/

Describes someone who enjoys reading and studying, often in a way that suggests they are more interested in books than social activities.

Example: She was always a bookish student, spending most of her free time in the library.

booklet noun /ˈbʊk.lət/

A small, thin book that contains information about a particular subject.

Example: The booklet provides detailed instructions on how to use the new software.

bookmark noun /ˈbʊk.mɑːk/

A marker used to keep your place in a book or to save a website for quick access later.

Example: I put a bookmark in my novel so I wouldn't lose my place.

boost noun /buːst/

An increase or improvement in something.

Example: The new advertising campaign gave a big boost to sales.

bossy adjective /ˈbɒs.i/

Someone who is bossy often tells other people what to do in a way that is annoying or overbearing.

Example: My older sister is so bossy; she always tells me how to do everything.

botany noun /ˈbɒtəni/

The scientific study of plants, including their structure, properties, and life processes.

Example: She decided to study botany at university because she has always been fascinated by plants and nature.

bothered adjective /ˈbɒðəɹd/

feeling worried, annoyed, or upset about something.

Example: She was really bothered by the noise coming from the construction site.

bothersome adjective /ˈbɒðəɹsəm/

causing trouble or annoyance, often in a way that is inconvenient or unpleasant.

Example: The noise from the construction site was so bothersome that she couldn't concentrate on her work.

bourbon noun /ˈbɜːbən/

A type of American whiskey made primarily from corn and aged in wooden barrels.

Example: He ordered a glass of bourbon on the rocks at the bar.

boxer noun /ˈbɒksəɹ/

A person who takes part in the sport of boxing, especially as a profession.

Example: The boxer trained for months to prepare for the championship fight.

bracket noun /ˈbɹækɪt/

A symbol used in pairs to group words, numbers, or other items, often in mathematical or written contexts.

Example: You should put the additional information in brackets to make the sentence clearer.

brag verb /bɹæɡ/

To talk with pride about something you have done or own, often in a way that annoys others.

Example: He always brags about how much money he earns.

bravery noun /ˈbreɪvəri/

The quality of showing courage and not being afraid in dangerous or difficult situations.

Example: The firefighter was praised for his bravery in rescuing the children from the burning building.

breakable adjective /ˈbreɪkəbl/

Something that can be broken easily or is fragile.

Example: Be careful with the box; it contains breakable items like glassware.

breakdown noun /ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn/

A failure to work or function properly, or a division into smaller parts to understand something better.

Example: The car had a breakdown on the way to the airport, so we had to call for help.

breakup noun /ˈbreɪkˌʌp/

The end of a relationship, marriage, or partnership.

Example: After their breakup, they decided to stay friends.

breathtaking adjective /ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ/

Extremely impressive, exciting, or beautiful.

Example: The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely breathtaking.

breezy adjective /ˈbriːzi/

Slightly windy in a pleasant way, or casual and relaxed in manner.

Example: It was a bright, breezy day, perfect for a walk along the beach.

brewery noun /ˈbruːəri/

A place where beer is made in large quantities.

Example: The local brewery offers tours where visitors can see how the beer is produced.

brilliantly adverb /ˈbrɪljəntli/

In an extremely clever, impressive, or skillful way.

Example: She played the piano brilliantly during the concert, impressing everyone in the audience.

broadband noun /ˈbrɔːdbænd/

A high-speed internet connection that allows large amounts of data to be sent and received quickly.

Example: Many people now use broadband at home to stream movies and work online efficiently.

broadcaster noun /ˈbrɔːdkɑːstər/

A person or organization that sends out programs on television or radio.

Example: The broadcaster announced the results of the election live on air.

broaden verb /ˈbrɔːdn/

To increase the range or scope of something or make it wider.

Example: Traveling can help broaden your understanding of different cultures.

Practice sentences

Əvvəlcə Azərbaycan dilindəki cümləni oxuyun; ingilis dilindəki qarşılığını görmək üçün düyməyə basın.

AZ EN

Çox yorulmuşam, amma işi bitirməliyəm.

Yağış yağmasına baxmayaraq çıxdıq.

Baxmayaraq ki, təcrübəsi az idi, işə götürüldü.

“While” iki əməli müqayisə edə bilər.

O, zəngin olsa da, sadə yaşayır.

Kontrast zərfləri cümləni gücləndirir.

“However” rəsmi mətnlərdə tez-tez işlənir.

Çox çalışdı, lakin nəticə zəif qaldı.

“Despite” + isim və ya felinq gəlir.

Ziddiyyət mənanı aydınlaşdırır.

Reading task

Mətni oxuyun və suallara cavab verin.

Reading: Clauses of contrast

I like summer, although I prefer winter because it is cooler. My brother enjoys spicy food, whereas I like mild flavors. We went to the beach, even though it was raining. I usually sleep early, while my friend often stays up late. Although learning English can be difficult, it is very rewarding. I enjoy exercising in the morning, whereas my sister prefers the evening. Clauses of contrast help me explain differences between ideas and opinions.

Mən hansı fəsli üstün tuturam?

Mənim və qardaşımın yemək zövqü necə fərqlənir?

Bacım nə vaxt idman etməyi üstün tutur?

Writing task

İki fərqli fikri və ya vəziyyəti müqayisə edin.

Tapşırıq

  • although / whereas / while / even though
  • fərqli vərdişlər, fikirlər, situasiyalar
  • müqayisə və kontrast

Clicking will open ChatGPT in a new tab with your task + answer (prompt is also copied).

Quick quiz

Tap an answer — you’ll see right away if it’s correct.

0 / 3

Which is correct?

“_____ the rain, the match continued.”

“Despite _____ tired, she finished.”

Lesson complete — great job!

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