Passive voice

B2 · Upper Intermediate

Lesson video

Watch the lesson here on Enverson.

Explanation

Explanation · İngilis + Azərbaycan

Present perf.
have/has been + V3
Past perf.
had been + V3
Future perf.
will have been + V3
Continuous
… been being … (nadir)

In the passive, the object of the action becomes the subject. Perfect and perfect continuous passives add been and sometimes being.

AZ
Passivdə əməlin obyekti subyektə çevrilir. Mükəmməl zamanlarda been, davamda isə bəzən being görünür.

Present perfect passive

have/has been + V3

AZ
İndiki mükəmməl passiv: have/has been + V3 — «artıq edilib / olunub».
  • The work has been finished.
  • Mistakes have been made.

Past perfect passive

had been + V3

AZ
Keçmişin mükəmməl passivi: o vaxta qədər olunmuşdu.
  • By then, the letter had been sent.

Future perfect passive

will have been + V3

AZ
Gələcəyin mükəmməl passivi: həmin vaxta qədər iş bitmiş olacaq.
  • Everything will have been done by Monday.

Present perfect continuous passive

have/has been being + V3 — rare and heavy; often rephrased.

AZ
…been being… çox nadir və ağır səslənir; adətən aktiv və ya sadə passivlə dəyişilir.
  • Theoretically: The road has been being repaired for weeks — many speakers prefer The road has been under repair… or They’ve been repairing the road…

Past perfect continuous passive

had been being + V3 — very rare; usually rephrase.

AZ
Demək olar ki, istifadə edilmir; cümləni yenidən qurmaq daha təbii olur.

Future perfect continuous passive

will have been being + V3 — extremely rare. Prefer active or simpler passive: By May, the issue will have been resolved.

AZ
Sonuncu forma demək olar ki, yoxdur; sadə passiv və ya aktiv üstündür.

Vocabulary

50 söz — ingilis tələffüzü üçün dinlək ikonasına basın; AZ tərcümə üçün düyməyə basın.

expected adjective /ɪkˈspɛktɪd/

Believed to be going to happen or arrive.

Example: The train is expected to arrive at 8 p.m.

chancellor noun /ˈtʃɑːn.sə.lə/

A senior official in the government or a university, often responsible for important decisions or administration.

Example: The chancellor announced new policies to improve the country's economy.

completion noun /kəmˈpliːʃən/

The act of finishing something or bringing it to an end.

Example: The completion of the project is expected by the end of the month.

confidently adverb /ˈkɒnfɪdəntli/

In a way that shows you are sure about your abilities or that something will happen as expected.

Example: She spoke confidently during the presentation, impressing everyone in the room.

deceive verb /dɪˈsiːv/

To make someone believe something that is not true, usually to gain an advantage.

Example: He tried to deceive his friends by pretending he had won the competition.

deceptive adjective /dɪˈsɛptɪv/

Making someone believe something that is not true or giving a false impression.

Example: The advertisement was deceptive because it made the product seem much better than it actually was.

deficit noun /ˈdɛfɪsɪt/

The amount by which something, especially money, is less than what is needed or expected.

Example: The company is facing a large budget deficit this year.

dependable adjective /dɪˈpɛndəbəl/

Someone or something that is dependable can be trusted to do what they are supposed to do or what is expected.

Example: She is a very dependable colleague who always finishes her work on time.

disillusion verb /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒən/

To make someone realize that something they believed is not true or as good as it seemed.

Example: She was disillusioned when she found out that her favorite singer had been lip-syncing during the concert.

dispensable adjective /dɪˈspɛnsəbəl/

Not necessary or essential, and therefore able to be done without.

Example: Many people believe that printed newspapers are becoming dispensable in the digital age.

dowry noun /ˈdaʊ.ɹi/

Money, property, or goods that a bride's family gives to the groom or his family when they get married.

Example: In some cultures, the bride's family is expected to provide a dowry as part of the marriage agreement.

evil adjective /ˈiːvɪl/

morally bad or causing harm or suffering.

Example: Many people believe that stealing is an evil act.

exceptionally adverb /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli/

To a very high degree or unusually; more than what is typical or expected.

Example: She is an exceptionally talented musician who has won many awards.

expectation noun /ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən/

The feeling or belief that something will or should happen in a certain way.

Example: The team has high expectations for success in the upcoming tournament.

fantastically adverb /fænˈtæs.tɪk.li/

In an extremely good or impressive way, or in a way that is difficult to believe.

Example: The team played fantastically and won the championship.

follower noun /ˈfɑloʊɚ/

A person who supports, admires, or believes in a particular person, group, or idea.

Example: She has thousands of followers on social media who admire her work.

fulfill/fulfil verb /fʊlˈfɪl/

To do something that is expected, promised, or required, or to make something happen.

Example: She finally fulfilled her dream of becoming a doctor.

generously adverb /ˈdʒɛnərəsli/

In a way that shows a willingness to give more of something, especially money or time, than is usual or expected.

Example: She generously offered to help me with my project even though she was very busy.

humanist noun /ˈhjuːmənɪst/

A person who believes in the importance of human values, individual dignity, and the potential for humans to solve problems through reason.

Example: She considers herself a humanist and believes that education is the key to improving society.

immoral adjective /ɪˈmɔː.ɹəl/

Not following accepted standards of right and wrong behavior.

Example: Many people believe it is immoral to harm animals for entertainment.

immortal adjective /ɪˈmɔːr.tl̩/

Living forever or never dying or being forgotten.

Example: The ancient Greeks believed their gods were immortal and could not be harmed.

ironically adverb /aɪˈrɑːnɪkli/

used to describe a situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what is expected.

Example: Ironically, the team lost the match despite having the best players.

lame adjective /leɪm/

Not effective, convincing, or impressive; weak or inadequate.

Example: His excuse for being late was so lame that no one believed him.

lower verb /ˈləʊ.əɹ/

To move something to a position that is below or less high than it was before.

Example: She lowered her voice so that no one else could hear the conversation.

mimic verb /ˈmɪmɪk/

To copy the way someone speaks, moves, or behaves, often to entertain or mock them.

Example: She tried to mimic her teacher's voice to make her friends laugh.

minister noun /ˈmɪnɪstɚ/

A member of the government in charge of a particular department or area of public affairs.

Example: The minister of education announced new policies for schools.

moody adjective /ˈmuːdi/

Having moods that change often and unexpectedly, often becoming unhappy or angry without an obvious reason.

Example: She gets very moody when she's tired, so it's best to leave her alone.

morality noun /məˈræləti/

principles or standards concerning what is right and wrong behavior.

Example: Many people believe that morality is influenced by culture and religion.

morally adverb /ˈmɒrəli/

In a way that relates to principles of right and wrong behavior.

Example: She believes it is morally wrong to lie, even in difficult situations.

murmur verb /ˈmɝːmɚ/

To speak or say something in a soft, quiet voice that is difficult to hear clearly.

Example: He murmured a quick apology before leaving the room.

nationwide adverb /ˌneɪ.ʃənˈwaɪd/

Extending or operating throughout an entire nation.

Example: The new policy was implemented nationwide to ensure consistency across all regions.

nomination noun /ˌnɑː.məˈneɪ.ʃən/

The act of officially suggesting someone for a job, position, or award.

Example: Her nomination for the award was announced during the ceremony.

obey verb /oʊˈbeɪ/

To do what someone in authority tells you to do or follow a rule or law.

Example: You are expected to obey the rules of the school at all times.

odd adjective /ɒd/

Strange or unusual, different from what is normal or expected.

Example: It seems odd that she didn’t call to let us know she would be late.

outdo verb /ˌaʊtˈdu/

to do something better than someone else or to perform better than expected.

Example: She always tries to outdo her classmates in every school project.

overbook verb /ˌoʊvɚˈbʊk/

To sell more tickets or reserve more places than are available, expecting that some people will not show up.

Example: The airline had to apologize after they overbooked the flight, leaving some passengers without seats.

oversize adjective /ˌoʊvɚˈsaɪz/

Larger than the usual or expected size.

Example: She bought an oversize sweater to stay comfortable during the winter.

overtime adverb /ˈoʊvɚˌtaɪm/

Beyond the regular or expected time.

Example: The debate continued overtime as neither side could reach an agreement.

persuasion noun /pɚˈsweɪ.ʒən/

The act of convincing someone to do or believe something through reasoning or argument.

Example: She used her powers of persuasion to get everyone to agree with her idea.

pessimist noun /ˈpɛsɪmɪst/

A person who tends to see the negative side of things and expects bad outcomes.

Example: Sarah is a pessimist who always assumes the worst will happen, even when things are going well.

pessimistic adjective /ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk/

Expecting that bad things will happen or that something will have a negative outcome.

Example: She was pessimistic about passing the exam because she hadn't studied enough.

predictable adjective /prɪˈdɪktəbl̩/

Something that happens in a way that is expected and easy to foresee.

Example: The ending of the movie was so predictable that it ruined the suspense.

prevail verb /prɪˈveɪl/

To be more powerful or successful than other forces or to be common or widespread in a particular situation.

Example: Despite the challenges, we believe that justice will prevail in the end.

prime minister noun /ˌpraɪm ˈmɪnɪstər/

The leader of the government in some countries, often the head of the cabinet and responsible for making important decisions.

Example: The prime minister announced new policies to improve the country's economy.

punctual adjective /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/

Arriving, doing something, or happening at the expected or correct time.

Example: She is always punctual for her meetings, which makes her very reliable.

reckon verb /ˈrɛkən/

to think or believe something to be true or possible.

Example: I reckon it will take us about an hour to get to the airport.

rejection noun /rɪˈdʒɛkʃən/

The act of refusing to accept, use, or believe someone or something.

Example: Her application for the job was met with rejection, but she decided to try again.

resign verb /rɪˈzaɪn/

To officially announce that you are leaving a job or position.

Example: She decided to resign from her position as manager due to personal reasons.

resonant adjective /ˈrɛzənənt/

Producing a deep, clear, and continuing sound or having a strong emotional effect.

Example: Her voice was rich and resonant, filling the entire room with warmth.

shortness noun /ˈʃɔːtnəs/

The quality or state of being small in length, duration, or extent.

Example: The shortness of the meeting allowed us to finish earlier than expected.

Practice sentences

Əvvəlcə Azərbaycan dilindəki cümləni oxuyun; ingilis dilindəki qarşılığını görmək üçün düyməyə basın.

AZ EN

Bu məsələ müzakirə olunur.

Hesabat artıq təqdim olunub.

Qərar tezliklə elan olunacaq.

Mənbə vacib deyilsə passiv seçilir.

Bu layihə bir neçə ölkədə həyata keçirilir.

Məktub imzalanandan sonra göndərildi.

Rəsmi sənədlərdə passiv üstünlük təşkil edir.

“It is believed that …” ümumi fikir bildirir.

Modal + be + üçüncü forma mümkündür.

Məhsul yerli fabrikdə hazırlanır.

Reading task

Mətni oxuyun və suallara cavab verin.

Reading: Passive voice

The books were delivered to my house yesterday. The report was written by my colleague last week. The windows are cleaned every Monday by the cleaning staff. The project will be finished by the team next month. The invitation was sent to all participants via email. Using the passive voice allows me to focus on the action instead of the person doing it. I often use it in formal writing and reports.

Kitablar nə vaxt çatdırıldı?

Keçən həftə hesabatı kim yazdı?

Pəncərələr nə qədər tez-tez təmizlənir?

Writing task

Hərəkətin kim tərəfindən edildiyini qeyd etmədən hadisələri yazın.

Tapşırıq

  • passive voice (is/was/will be + past participle)
  • məktub, layihə, ev işi və s.
  • fokus hərəkətdə olsun, icraçı deyil

Clicking will open ChatGPT in a new tab with your task + answer (prompt is also copied).

Quick quiz

Tap an answer — you’ll see right away if it’s correct.

0 / 3

Present perfect passive: “The work _____.”

Past perfect passive: “By then, the letter _____.”

Future perfect passive: “Everything _____ by Monday.”

Lesson complete — great job!

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