Advanced Use of Gerunds and Infinitives

extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree.

Example: The project required an immense amount of time and effort to complete.

To an extremely large degree or extent.

Example: She was immensely grateful for all the support she received during the project.

Giving advice or recommendations, often in an official or professional capacity.

Example: The company set up an advisory committee to help guide its future strategy.

Difficult to deal with or causing annoyance, stress, or hardship.

Example: The last few weeks have been particularly trying for everyone involved in the project.

A hormone produced in the body in response to stress or excitement, often associated with a feeling of heightened energy or alertness.

Example: The rush of adrenaline helped her stay focused and calm during the intense competition.

A room or compartment with a toilet and sometimes a sink, used for personal hygiene.

Example: The airplane's lavatory was small but functional for the long flight.

The most successful or important point in the development of something; the highest level or degree.

Example: Winning the championship was the pinnacle of her career.

Lacking confidence or assurance, often feeling uncertain about oneself or one's abilities.

Example: She felt insecure about speaking in front of a large audience, even though she had prepared thoroughly.

In a way that shows a lack of confidence, safety, or stability.

Example: She held the ladder insecurely, making everyone nervous about climbing it.

To say or do something to make someone feel less worried or uncertain about something.

Example: She tried to reassure him that everything would be fine despite the challenges ahead.

The act of making someone feel less worried or uncertain about something.

Example: She gave him reassurance that everything would be fine despite the challenges.

Not showing or feeling concern for the feelings or needs of others.

Example: She was criticized for being insensitive to her colleague's struggles during the meeting.

In a way that shows a lack of care or concern for other people's feelings or situations.

Example: He spoke insensitively about the issue, ignoring how it might affect those involved.

A disadvantage or problem that makes something less effective or desirable.

Example: One major drawback of working from home is the lack of social interaction with colleagues.

To be in charge of a process, project, or group of people and ensure that work is done correctly.

Example: She was hired to oversee the construction of the new office building.

A person who supervises or manages a group of workers or an activity to ensure tasks are completed properly.

Example: The overseer was responsible for ensuring that the construction project stayed on schedule.

A judgment or opinion about the value, size, or importance of something, often based on incomplete information.

Example: In her estimation, the project would take at least three more months to complete.

A person or organization that acts as a link to assist communication or cooperation between groups of people.

Example: The manager acted as a liaison between the employees and the executive team to ensure smooth communication.

In a way that shows or causes worry, tension, or anxiety.

Example: She spoke stressfully about the upcoming deadline, clearly overwhelmed by the amount of work.

To appear as a large, often unclear or threatening shape or object, especially in a way that causes worry.

Example: As the deadline loomed, she felt increasingly anxious about finishing the project on time.

Despite something or although something is true.

Example: Notwithstanding the heavy rain, the event continued as planned.

In a way that relates to the structure or framework of something.

Example: The building is structurally sound, despite its age.

relating to the way in which something is built or organized.

Example: The engineers identified several structural issues that needed to be addressed before the building could be declared safe.

To heat something, especially a liquid or a room, to make it warm or hot.

Example: She used the stove to chauffer the water for her tea.

A friendly and harmonious relationship where people understand each other well.

Example: The teacher quickly established a good rapport with her students, making the lessons more engaging.

A meeting or discussion with someone, often an expert, to seek advice or exchange information.

Example: After a long consultation with her lawyer, she decided to proceed with the case.

A professional service or business that provides expert advice in a particular field.

Example: The company hired a consultancy to help improve their marketing strategy.

The ability to keep or continue having something, especially knowledge, information, or employees.

Example: Employee retention is a major challenge for many companies in today's competitive job market.

To extract stone, sand, or other materials from a quarry.

Example: The company plans to quarry granite from the site for construction purposes.

A detailed description of how something should be done, made, or performed.

Example: The architect provided clear specifications for the construction of the new building.

A person or company hired to perform work or provide services, typically for a specific job or project, under a formal agreement.

Example: The company hired a contractor to renovate the office building within three months.

To ask a question or inquire about something, often to clarify or gain information.

Example: She decided to query the professor about the confusing section of the lecture.

A person who owns or has something.

Example: The possessor of the winning ticket will receive a large cash prize.

A feeling of coldness, often one that is unpleasant or causes discomfort.

Example: There was a noticeable chill in the air as the sun began to set.

Unpleasantly cold in temperature or atmosphere.

Example: The evening was so chilly that we decided to stay indoors by the fire.

Unfriendly or showing a lack of warmth or enthusiasm.

Example: Her frosty response made it clear that she was still upset about the argument.

In a cold, unfriendly, or distant manner.

Example: She greeted him frostily, making it clear she was still upset about their argument.

Without a person to operate or control something, often referring to machines or vehicles.

Example: The company is developing unmanned drones for use in remote areas.

In a way that does not show personal feelings, involvement, or connection.

Example: The manager spoke impersonally to avoid showing favoritism among the team members.

To pretend to be someone else in order to entertain or deceive people.

Example: The actor was able to convincingly impersonate the president during the comedy show.

A person who copies the behavior, appearance, or voice of someone else, often for entertainment purposes.

Example: The comedian is a talented impersonator who can mimic the voices of several famous actors.

The act of pretending to be someone else, often to entertain or deceive.

Example: His impersonation of the famous actor was so accurate that everyone at the party was amazed.

A device that makes a buzzing sound, often used as a signal or alarm.

Example: The contestants pressed the buzzer as soon as they knew the answer to the question.

The act of leaving someone or something behind, especially in a way that is considered disloyal or irresponsible.

Example: The soldier was punished for desertion after abandoning his post during the mission.

Not being used or lived in by anyone; empty or vacant.

Example: The house had been unoccupied for several months before the new tenants moved in.

Lacking fresh air or ventilation, often making a place feel uncomfortable or oppressive.

Example: The meeting room was so small and stuffy that everyone started feeling drowsy after an hour.

The quality of being overly formal, rigid, or lacking in openness or flexibility.

Example: The stuffiness of the meeting made it hard for anyone to share their creative ideas.

To look at something or someone with your mouth open, often in surprise or wonder.

Example: The tourists gaped in awe at the breathtaking view from the mountaintop.

The opinion or reputation that people have about someone or something, often based on their character or achievements.

Example: She is a scientist of great repute in the field of environmental studies.

The quality of being strong and resilient, both physically and mentally, especially in difficult situations.

Example: Her toughness and determination helped her overcome the challenges of starting a new business.