Advanced Use of Gerunds and Infinitives

C1 · Advanced

Lesson video

Watch the lesson here on Enverson.

Explanation

Explanation · İngilis + Azərbaycan

Advanced patterns: gerund vs infinitive after verbs, with different meaning (remember doing / remember to do), and perfect forms (to have done).

AZ
İrəli səviyyə: feildən sonra gerund və ya infinitive; fərqli mənalar; mükəmməl infinitiv (to have done).
PatternMeaningExample
remember + doingmemory of past actionI remember locking the door.
remember + to dodon’t forget future dutyRemember to lock the door.
try + doingexperimentTry restarting the app.
try + to domake an effortTry to stay calm.
glad to have + V3past event evaluated nowI’m glad to have met you.
AZ
Hansı feildən sonra -ing, hansından sonra to — lüğət və nümunələrlə öyrənin.

Vocabulary

50 söz — ingilis tələffüzü üçün dinlək ikonasına basın; AZ tərcümə üçün düyməyə basın.

immense adjective /ɪˈmɛns/

extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree.

Example: The project required an immense amount of time and effort to complete.

immensely adverb /ɪˈmɛnsli/

To an extremely large degree or extent.

Example: She was immensely grateful for all the support she received during the project.

advisory adjective /ədˈvaɪzəri/

Giving advice or recommendations, often in an official or professional capacity.

Example: The company set up an advisory committee to help guide its future strategy.

trying adjective /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

Difficult to deal with or causing annoyance, stress, or hardship.

Example: The last few weeks have been particularly trying for everyone involved in the project.

adrenaline noun /əˈdrɛnəlɪn/

A hormone produced in the body in response to stress or excitement, often associated with a feeling of heightened energy or alertness.

Example: The rush of adrenaline helped her stay focused and calm during the intense competition.

lavatory noun /ˈlævəˌtɔri/

A room or compartment with a toilet and sometimes a sink, used for personal hygiene.

Example: The airplane's lavatory was small but functional for the long flight.

pinnacle noun /ˈpɪnəkəl/

The most successful or important point in the development of something; the highest level or degree.

Example: Winning the championship was the pinnacle of her career.

insecure adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊr/

Lacking confidence or assurance, often feeling uncertain about oneself or one's abilities.

Example: She felt insecure about speaking in front of a large audience, even though she had prepared thoroughly.

insecurely adverb /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrli/

In a way that shows a lack of confidence, safety, or stability.

Example: She held the ladder insecurely, making everyone nervous about climbing it.

reassure verb /ˌriəˈʃʊr/

To say or do something to make someone feel less worried or uncertain about something.

Example: She tried to reassure him that everything would be fine despite the challenges ahead.

reassurance noun /ˌriːəˈʃʊərəns/

The act of making someone feel less worried or uncertain about something.

Example: She gave him reassurance that everything would be fine despite the challenges.

insensitive adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv/

Not showing or feeling concern for the feelings or needs of others.

Example: She was criticized for being insensitive to her colleague's struggles during the meeting.

insensitively adverb /ɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪvli/

In a way that shows a lack of care or concern for other people's feelings or situations.

Example: He spoke insensitively about the issue, ignoring how it might affect those involved.

drawback noun /ˈdrɔːbæk/

A disadvantage or problem that makes something less effective or desirable.

Example: One major drawback of working from home is the lack of social interaction with colleagues.

oversee verb /ˌəʊvəˈsiː/

To be in charge of a process, project, or group of people and ensure that work is done correctly.

Example: She was hired to oversee the construction of the new office building.

overseer noun /ˈəʊvəsɪə/

A person who supervises or manages a group of workers or an activity to ensure tasks are completed properly.

Example: The overseer was responsible for ensuring that the construction project stayed on schedule.

estimation noun /ˌɛstɪˈmeɪʃən/

A judgment or opinion about the value, size, or importance of something, often based on incomplete information.

Example: In her estimation, the project would take at least three more months to complete.

liaison noun /liˈeɪzɒn/

A person or organization that acts as a link to assist communication or cooperation between groups of people.

Example: The manager acted as a liaison between the employees and the executive team to ensure smooth communication.

stressfully adverb /ˈstrɛsfəli/

In a way that shows or causes worry, tension, or anxiety.

Example: She spoke stressfully about the upcoming deadline, clearly overwhelmed by the amount of work.

loom verb /luːm/

To appear as a large, often unclear or threatening shape or object, especially in a way that causes worry.

Example: As the deadline loomed, she felt increasingly anxious about finishing the project on time.

notwithstanding preposition/conjunction/adverb /ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

Despite something or although something is true.

Example: Notwithstanding the heavy rain, the event continued as planned.

structurally adverb /ˈstrʌktʃərəli/

In a way that relates to the structure or framework of something.

Example: The building is structurally sound, despite its age.

structural adjective /ˈstrʌktʃərəl/

relating to the way in which something is built or organized.

Example: The engineers identified several structural issues that needed to be addressed before the building could be declared safe.

chauffer Verb /ʃəʊˈfɪə/

To heat something, especially a liquid or a room, to make it warm or hot.

Example: She used the stove to chauffer the water for her tea.

rapport noun /ræˈpɔː/

A friendly and harmonious relationship where people understand each other well.

Example: The teacher quickly established a good rapport with her students, making the lessons more engaging.

consultation noun /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən/

A meeting or discussion with someone, often an expert, to seek advice or exchange information.

Example: After a long consultation with her lawyer, she decided to proceed with the case.

consultancy noun /kənˈsʌltənsi/

A professional service or business that provides expert advice in a particular field.

Example: The company hired a consultancy to help improve their marketing strategy.

retention noun /rɪˈtɛnʃən/

The ability to keep or continue having something, especially knowledge, information, or employees.

Example: Employee retention is a major challenge for many companies in today's competitive job market.

quarry verb /ˈkwɒri/

To extract stone, sand, or other materials from a quarry.

Example: The company plans to quarry granite from the site for construction purposes.

specification noun /ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

A detailed description of how something should be done, made, or performed.

Example: The architect provided clear specifications for the construction of the new building.

contractor noun /kənˈtræk.təɹ/

A person or company hired to perform work or provide services, typically for a specific job or project, under a formal agreement.

Example: The company hired a contractor to renovate the office building within three months.

query Verb /ˈkwɪə.ɹi/

To ask a question or inquire about something, often to clarify or gain information.

Example: She decided to query the professor about the confusing section of the lecture.

possessor noun /pəˈzɛs.əɹ/

A person who owns or has something.

Example: The possessor of the winning ticket will receive a large cash prize.

chill noun /tʃɪl/

A feeling of coldness, often one that is unpleasant or causes discomfort.

Example: There was a noticeable chill in the air as the sun began to set.

chilly adjective /ˈtʃɪl.i/

Unpleasantly cold in temperature or atmosphere.

Example: The evening was so chilly that we decided to stay indoors by the fire.

frosty adjective /ˈfrɒs.ti/

Unfriendly or showing a lack of warmth or enthusiasm.

Example: Her frosty response made it clear that she was still upset about the argument.

frostily adverb /ˈfrɒs.tɪ.li/

In a cold, unfriendly, or distant manner.

Example: She greeted him frostily, making it clear she was still upset about their argument.

unmanned adjective /ʌnˈmænd/

Without a person to operate or control something, often referring to machines or vehicles.

Example: The company is developing unmanned drones for use in remote areas.

impersonally adverb /ɪmˈpɜː.sən.ə.li/

In a way that does not show personal feelings, involvement, or connection.

Example: The manager spoke impersonally to avoid showing favoritism among the team members.

impersonate verb /ɪmˈpɜː.sə.neɪt/

To pretend to be someone else in order to entertain or deceive people.

Example: The actor was able to convincingly impersonate the president during the comedy show.

impersonator noun /ɪmˈpɜː.sə.neɪ.təɹ/

A person who copies the behavior, appearance, or voice of someone else, often for entertainment purposes.

Example: The comedian is a talented impersonator who can mimic the voices of several famous actors.

impersonation noun /ɪmˌpɜː.səˈneɪ.ʃən/

The act of pretending to be someone else, often to entertain or deceive.

Example: His impersonation of the famous actor was so accurate that everyone at the party was amazed.

buzzer noun /ˈbʌz.əɹ/

A device that makes a buzzing sound, often used as a signal or alarm.

Example: The contestants pressed the buzzer as soon as they knew the answer to the question.

desertion noun /dɪˈzɜː.ʃən/

The act of leaving someone or something behind, especially in a way that is considered disloyal or irresponsible.

Example: The soldier was punished for desertion after abandoning his post during the mission.

unoccupied adjective /ʌnˈɒk.jʊ.paɪd/

Not being used or lived in by anyone; empty or vacant.

Example: The house had been unoccupied for several months before the new tenants moved in.

stuffy adjective /ˈstʌf.i/

Lacking fresh air or ventilation, often making a place feel uncomfortable or oppressive.

Example: The meeting room was so small and stuffy that everyone started feeling drowsy after an hour.

stuffiness noun /ˈstʌf.i.nəs/

The quality of being overly formal, rigid, or lacking in openness or flexibility.

Example: The stuffiness of the meeting made it hard for anyone to share their creative ideas.

gape verb /ɡeɪp/

To look at something or someone with your mouth open, often in surprise or wonder.

Example: The tourists gaped in awe at the breathtaking view from the mountaintop.

repute noun /rɪˈpjuːt/

The opinion or reputation that people have about someone or something, often based on their character or achievements.

Example: She is a scientist of great repute in the field of environmental studies.

toughness noun /ˈtʌf.nəs/

The quality of being strong and resilient, both physically and mentally, especially in difficult situations.

Example: Her toughness and determination helped her overcome the challenges of starting a new business.

Practice sentences

Əvvəlcə Azərbaycan dilindəki cümləni oxuyun; ingilis dilindəki qarşılığını görmək üçün düyməyə basın.

AZ EN

Mən xatırlayıram onu orada görməyi.

Mən xatırladım ki, qapını bağlamalıyam.

O, işləməyi dayandırdı ki, dincəlsin.

“Try + ing” və “try + to” fərqli mənalar verir.

Bəzi fellərdən sonra yalnız gerund gəlir.

“Want” adətən infinitiv gözləyir.

Məqsəd üçün “in order to” dəqiqdir.

Perfect infinitiv keçmişə işarə edə bilər.

Bu fərqlər C1 səviyyəsində vacibdir.

Səhv seçim cümləni qəribə edir.

Reading task

Mətni oxuyun və suallara cavab verin.

Reading: Advanced Use of Gerunds and Infinitives

She enjoys reading novels in her free time. I decided to join the language course next semester. He avoided making unnecessary mistakes during the presentation. We hope to finish the project by Friday. They are interested in learning about different cultures. I intend to apply for the scholarship next year. She admitted to being nervous before the speech. They promised to support us throughout the project.

O nə etməyi xoşlayır?

Layihəni nə vaxt bitirməyə ümid edirik?

O nəyi etiraf etdi?

Writing task

Öz hobbi və planlarınız haqqında yazın.

Tapşırıq

  • gerunds və infinitives (enjoy doing, plan to do, decide to…)
  • fəaliyyət və məqsədlər
  • cümlələrdə müxtəliflik yaratmaq

Clicking will open ChatGPT in a new tab with your task + answer (prompt is also copied).

Quick quiz

Tap an answer — you’ll see right away if it’s correct.

0 / 3

Memory of past action: “I remember _____ the door.”

Future duty: “Remember _____ the door.”

“I’m glad _____ met you.”

Lesson complete — great job!

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